1. distance between the camera & the subject
the closer your subject to you, the greater tendency for the objects in front & behind the subject to be blurry
3 meters away with a 28mm lens, everything is in focus
20cm away with 28mm lens, the depth of field is shallow
2. size of the lens opening (aperture/f-stop)
larger f-stops (smaller no.; e.g: f2/f4)produce less depth of field than smaller f-stops (larger no.; e.g: f11/f16)
f/1.4
f/5.6
f/16
recommend shooting in Aperture Priority mode
(you can choose the aperture and the camera does the rest for you and chooses the appropriate shutter speed)
(size of numbers are reversed because aperture are actually denominators of fractions)
3. magnification (focal length)
shorter the focal length of lens (e.g: 18mm/20mm) the more depth of field present
(a wide angle lens and covers a big field of view)
allows to capture a whole landscape in a photo
as focal length grows longer (e.g: 70mm/100mm) depth of field shrinks
a super telephoto lens and only covers a very small field of view
allows you to zoom in and isolate your subject, like a flying bird
in order to get a shallow depth you should zoom in closer to your subject, to get a larger depth of field, zoom out
SUMMARY:
For shallow depth of field:
a) use a large aperture like f/2,
b) move closer to your subject,
c) zoom in and use a longer focal length.
For large depth of field:
a) use a small aperture like f/16,
b) move further away from your subject,
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